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CONSTRUCTION
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END USER INDUSTRY
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PRODUCT/ FUNCTION
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MINERALS
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Building materials
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Aggregate
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Crushed granite, gabbro, basalt, diorite, syenite, dolomite,
limestone, coral, shell, chert, sandstone, greywacke, quartzite
Sand & gravel
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Brickmaking
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Clay (common) Manganese Silica
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Lightweight aggregate
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Clay (expanded) Perlite Pumice Shale (expanded)
Vermiculite
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Dimension stone
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Granite Marble Slate Limestone Travertine Sandstone
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Cement
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Basic ingredient
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Limestone
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Additives
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Bauxite & alumina Clay (common) Gypsum Iron
oxide Pumice Silica sand Vermiculite
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Insulation materials
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Insulator
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Asbestos Diatomite Perlite Pumice Vermiculite
Wollastonite Zeolites
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Wallboard & plaster
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Basic ingredient
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Gypsum
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Additives
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Asbestos Lime Mica Vermiculite
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METALLURGICAL PROCESSING & MANUFACTURING
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END USER INDUSTRY
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PRODUCT/ FUNCTION
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MINERALS
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Raw material feedstock & alloying agents
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Feedstock
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Antimony oxide Beryllium Bauxite Chromite
Iron oxide Manganese Silica/quartz Sulfur Titanium minerals
(ilmenite/rutile) Zircon
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Refractories
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Refractories
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Asbestos Bauxite & alumina Chromite
Clays (refractory clays) Dolomite Graphite Kyanite
Magnesite & magnesia Olivine Pyrophyllite
Silica/quartz Zircon
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Foundry products
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Binder
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Bentonite
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Foundry sand
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Chromite Olivine Pyrophyllite Silica
sand Zircon
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Heat control
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Graphite Perlite Vermiculite
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Investment casting
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Bauxite & alumina Clays (kaolin) Graphite
Silica sand Zircon
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Fluxes (soldering, welding, & smelting)
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Fluxing agent
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Borates Dolomite Fluorspar Limestone & lime Magnesite
& magnesia Silica sand Titanium minerals (ilmenite, rutile)
Wollastonite
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Abrasives
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Abrasive
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Bauxite & alumina fused alumina) Corundum/emery
Diamonds Diatomite Feldspar Garnet Iron oxide (magnetite)
Nepheline syenite Olivine Perlite Pumice
Silica (sand tripoli and silicon carbide) Titanium
minerals (ilmenite)
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Lubricants
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Lubricant
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Graphite Lithium Mica Talc
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Friction materials
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Friction material
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Asbestos Bauxite & alumina Clays (attapulgite,
sepiolite) Garnet Graphite Pyrophyllite
Wollastonite Zircon
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Fillers
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Barite Clay (kaolin) Gypsum Pumice Mica Silica Slate
Zircon
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Gems & jewelry
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Feedstock
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Bauxite & alumina Diamonds Garnet Iron oxide
Rare earths Zircon
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CHEMICALS
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END USER INDUSTRY
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PRODUCT/ FUNCTION
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MINERALS
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Chemical manufacture
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Feedstock
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Antimony oxide Barite Bauxite & alumina
Borates Bromine Celestite Chromite
Dolomite Fluorspar Iodine Iron oxide Limestone Lithium
minerals Magnesite Manganese Nitrates Phosphates
Potash Rare earths Salt Silica/quartz Soda ash Sodium
sulfate Sulfur Titanium minerals (ilmenite, rutile)
Zircon
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Explosives/pyrotechnics
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Feedstock
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Bauxite & alumina (aluminum chemicals) Celestite
Limestone Nitrates Potash (potassium chemicals) Salt (sodium
chemicals)
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Dyes
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Feedstock
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Bauxite & alumina (alum) Borates Chromite
Iodine Iron oxides Manganese Soda ash Sodium sulfate
Sulfur
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Fire retardants/wood preservatives
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Feedstock
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Bauxite & alumina (alumina trihydrate) Antimony
oxide Asbestos Borates Bromine Chromite Diatomite
Magnesite & magnesia Perlite Phosphates Pumice
Vermiculite
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Catalysts
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Feedstock
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Clays (kaolin, attapulgite) Iodine Lithium Pyrophyllite
Rare earths Titanium minerals Zeolites, Zircon
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Cleansers & detergents
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Feedstock
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Borates Phosphates Silica (sodium silicate) Soda ash
Sodium sulfate Zeolites
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HUMAN CONSUMPTION
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END USER INDUSTRY
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PRODUCT/ FUNCTION
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MINERALS
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Pharmaceuticals & drugs
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Excipient
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Clays (attapulgite, bentonite, kaolin, sepiolite)
Dolomite Gypsum Iron oxide Limestone (calcium carbonate)
Mica Talc Titanium minerals (TiO2)
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Active minerals
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Barite Bauxite & alumina (aluminum salts) Borates
Bromine Iodine Limestone (calcium carbonate) Magnesite &
magnesia Manganese Phosphates Salt Soda ash Sodium sulfate
Sulfur
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Cosmetics
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Raw materials
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Borates Bromine Clays (bentonite, kaolin) Gypsum Limestone
(calcium carbonate) Magnesite & magnesia Mica Silica
(flour, precipitated) Talc Titanium minerals (TiO2)
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Food
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Filler/pigments
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Clays (bentonite and kaolin) Gypsum Limestone (calcium carbonate)
Magnesite & magnesia Sulfur Talc Titanium minerals
Zeolites
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Processing & refining
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Clays (activated bentonite) Diatomite Fluorspar
Perlite Nitrates Phosphates Potash Salt
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FERTILIZER & AGRICULTURAL
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END USER INDUSTRY
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PRODUCT/ FUNCTION
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MINERALS
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Fertilizer
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Primary nutrients
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Phosphates Potash Nitrates
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Secondary/
micronutrients
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Borates Bromine Dolomite Gypsum Limestone Magnesite
Manganese Salt Sodium sulfate Sulfur
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Fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides
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Carriers
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Clays (attapulgite, bentonite, kaolin, sepiolite)
Diatomite Pyrophyllite Talc Zeolites
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Soil amendments
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Additives
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Clays (bentonite/kaolin) Diatomite Gypsum Perlite
Vermiculite Zeolites
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Animal feed
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Nutritional minerals
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Dolomite Gypsum Iodine Iron oxide Limestone Magnesite
Manganese Phosphates Salt Sulfur
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Carrier/digestive enhancer
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Clays (bentonite, sepiolite) Perlite
Talc Vermiculite Zeolites
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GLASS & CERAMICS
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END USER INDUSTRY
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PRODUCT/ FUNCTION
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MINERALS
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Glass
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Batch raw materials
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Borates Kaolin Feldspar/Aplite Limestone Nepheline
syenite Silica/quartz Soda ash Sodium sulfate
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Ceramic
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Batch raw materials
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Kaolin Feldspar/Aplite Limestone (calcium carbonate)
Nepheline syenite Pyrophyllite Silica/quartz
Soda ash Sodium sulfate Talc Wollastonite
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Specialty additives including frits, glazes, enamels
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Additives
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Antimony oxide Barite Bauxite & alumina
Beryllium Borates Celestite Dolomite Fluorspar
Iron oxide Lithium minerals Magnesite Manganese
Potash Rare earths Titanium minerals Zircon
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Aerospace, optical glass & electronics
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Raw materials
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Bauxite & alumina Beryllium Borates Celestite
Diamonds Graphite Rare earths Silica/Quartz Titanium minerals
(rutile) Zircon
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FILLERS, EXTENDERS, PIGMENTS
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END USER INDUSTRY
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PRODUCT/ FUNCTION
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MINERALS
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Paper
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Process chemicals
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Bauxite & alumina (alum) Soda ash Sodium sulfate Sulfur
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Functional fillers
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Barite Clays (kaolin, bentonite) Diatomite Gypsum
Limestone (calcium carbonate) Silica/quartz Talc Zeolites
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Pigments
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Titanium minerals (TiO2)
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Plastics
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Functional fillers
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Barite Bauxite & alumina (alumina trihydrate)
Clays (kaolin) Diatomite Gypsum Feldspar Limestone (calcium
carbonate) Mica Nepheline syenite Silica/quartz
Talc Zeolites
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Pigments
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Iron oxide Titanium minerals (TiO2)
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Paint, putty, caulk
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Functional fillers
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Barite Bauxite & alumina (alumina trihydrate)
Clays (kaolin bentonite) Diatomite Gypsum Feldspar
Limestone (calcium carbonate) Mica Nepheline syenite
Pyrophyllite Silica/quartz Talc Zeolites
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Pigments
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Iron oxide Titanium minerals (TiO2)
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Sealants & adhesives
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Cement
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Silica/quartz (sodium silicate) Sulfur Gypsum Limestone
(calcium carbonate) Magnesite & magnesia
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Functional fillers (a.k.a. pigment)
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Antimony oxide Asbestos Barite Bauxite & alumina (aluminum
trihydrate) Clays (kaolin, bentonite)
Diatomite Dolomite Limestone (calcium carbonate) Mica
Pyrophyllite Silica/quartz (flour, precipitated, fumed)
Slate (powder) Talc Vermiculite Wollastonite
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Pigment
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Titanium minerals (TiO2)
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ENVIRONMENTAL, WATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION
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END USER INDUSTRY
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PRODUCT/ FUNCTION
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MINERALS
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Waste & effluent treatment
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Chemical additives
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Bauxite & alumina (aluminum chemicals) Bentonite
Dolomite Graphite (activated charcoal) Gypsum Iodine Limestone
& lime Magnesite & magnesia Manganese Soda ash
Sodium sulfate Sulfur Zeolites
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Filter media
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Asbestos Diatomite Garnet Iron oxide (magnetite) Perlite
Pumice Silica sand Titanium minerals (ilmenite)
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FGD
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Dolomite Limestone & lime Magnesite & magnesia
Soda ash Sodium sulfate Zeolites
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Absorbents
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Cat litter
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Clays (attapulgite, bentonite, sepiolite) Diatomite
(Moler) Gypsum
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Other
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Clays (attapulgite, bentonite, kaolin, sepiolite)
Diatomite (Moler) Gypsum Pyrophyllite
Talc Zeolites
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ENERGY
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END USER INDUSTRY
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PRODUCT/ FUNCTION
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MINERALS
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Oil and gas
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Drilling muds
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Asbestos Barite Bauxite & alumina Bromine
Clays (attapulgite, bentonite, hectorite, sepiolite)
Diamonds Diatomite Garnet Graphite Gypsum Limestone
& lime Magnesite & magnesia Mica Salt Soda ash
Titanium minerals (ilmenite) Vermiculite
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Refining & additives
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Bauxite & alumina Bromine Clays (attapulgite)
Diatomite Graphite Iodine Lithium minerals Pyrophyllite
Rare earths Sulfur Talc Titanium minerals Zeolites
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Batteries
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Antimony oxide Graphite Lithium Manganese Rare earths
Salt (chloralkalis) Sulfur
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Nuclear
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Graphite Rare earths Titanium minerals Zeolites
Zircon
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